空间推进系统铝合金组件激光焊阈值特性

为解决空间推进系统直属组件轻量化需求，对新采用的铝合金材料进行了激光焊阈值特性研究。结果表明，铝合金激光焊阈值区间与焊接速度和离焦量的绝对值正相关，但正向变化幅度远低于不锈钢、镍合金和钛合金等材料。对于光束质量不同的激光焊机来说，光束的焦斑直径越小，实焦焊时阈值区间越低；光束的发散角越小，相同离焦量下阈值区间越低。在-12°～12°内，铝合金激光焊阈值区间与入射角无关。保护气的吹送方向和吹送速度基本不改变铝合金激光焊的阈值区间，此特性与不锈钢等材料略有区别。     

Effect of adding Nb foil on joint properties of laser fusion welding for TC4 titanium and 7075 aluminum alloy

It is difficult to gain effective Ti-Al fusion welding joints due to their differences in thermal properties and the appearance of brittle Ti-Al Intermetallic Compounds (IMCs). The experiments of laser fusion welding for TC4 titanium and 7075 aluminum alloy were carried out, temperature field and ductility/brittleness, as well as chemical potential of elements, were calculated, and the effect of adding Nb foil on mechanical properties of the weld was also investigated. The results suggested that Nb atoms tend to diffuse toward Al side, which is conducive to the participation of Nb in the metallurgical reaction and contributes to forming the Ti-Nb-Al IMC layer at the interface. As the thickness of Nb foil increases, the tensile-shear force of joint climbs first but then declines, and reaches the highest value of 1663 N with 0.10 mm-thickness Nb foil, representing 58.38% enhancement compared with the non-added one. Adding Nb foil slows down the heat transfer as a blocker, and thus both the melting amount of Al and the mixing area of Ti and Al decrease. In addition, Nb alloying reduces the brittleness of the Ti-Al compound. Hence, the joint properties of titanium/aluminum are improved with the addition of Nb foil.     

Through-thickness heterogeneity in creep properties of friction stir welding 7B50-T7451 aluminum alloy thick plate joint: Experiments and modeling

Through-thickness heterogeneity in creep properties of 7B50-T7451 aluminum alloy Friction Stir Welding(FSW) joints was investigated. Creep tests for three slices of the FSW joint were conducted at the temperature of 150–200 °C and applied stress of 60–225 MPa. The theta projection method was used to predict creep curves and minimum creep rate. The results show that the minimum creep rate increases and creep rupture life decreases with the increase of creep temperature and applied stress. Creep p...     

基于形态学算法的2219铝合金钨极氦弧焊熔池图像特征提取

根据2219铝合金氦弧焊特点,构建了焊接过程实时视觉传感系统,获取了熔池清晰图像;为获得2219铝合金氦弧焊熔池尺寸参数,实现对熔池特征的分析,采用了形态学算法,提取了典型熔池图像边缘形状,并获得了熔池宽度特征尺寸;通过试验验证,提取的熔池图像宽度特征能够准确反映出熔池尺寸信息及变化趋势。研究结果表明:形态学算法准确度高、计算速度快,满足2219铝合金氦弧焊熔池图像实时处理需求,不同阈值及结构元素对图像特征提取效果均会产生较大影响,研究阈值自适应算法,可以满足工程上焊缝熔池特征实时视觉监测的复杂需求。     

推进剂管理装置的可靠性增长及试验验证

采用原始的焊接方式焊接筛网式推进剂管理装置的收集器合格率低、可靠性差。为此,采用纯钛箔作为过渡层进行了不锈钢筛网与钛合金支压板的电阻缝焊试验以及随后这两者与钛合金骨架的电子束焊试验,然后进行了地面力学环境下的振动试验,以验证焊接方式改进后收集器的可靠性。焊接试验结果表明,纯钛箔过渡层一方面可以大幅降低筛网在电阻缝焊时的焊接热量,有效地减小筛网的热变形;另一方面可以在电阻缝焊后形成牢固、封闭的纯钛/不锈钢筛网焊缝过渡区,有效地增加电子束焊时筛网的变形抗力,从而使得焊接后试样的合格率和性能大幅提高。振动试验结果表明,焊接方式改进后收集器的可靠度置信下限从0.90增加到了0.96。     

机器人智能化焊接技术发展综述及其在运载火箭贮箱中的应用

针对当前航天产品焊接尚存在焊接自动化水平低、产品质量依赖操作者水平等问题，迫切需要采用机器人智能化焊接技术实现“以机器人换人”。文章阐述了机器人智能化焊接技术的概念，综述了机器人智能化焊接技术发展现状，分析了机器人焊接动态过程的多信息传感技术、知识提取与建模方法以及智能化控制等关键技术。结合上海航天精密机械研究所近年来在机器人自动化焊接技术的研究经验，重点介绍了机器人智能化焊接技术在运载火箭贮箱中取得的技术突破及典型应用成果。